We consider the Picard curve
\[
Y:\; y^3 = f(x) = x^4 + 14x^2 + 72x -41.
\]
The discriminant of $f$ is $\Delta(f)=-2^{10}3^45^6$.
Our goal is to compute the conductor $N_Y = 2^{f_2}3^{f_3}5^{f_5}$.
K = QQ
R.<x> = K[]
f = x^4 +14*x^2 + 72*x -41
f.discriminant().factor()
-1 * 2^10 * 3^4 * 5^6
We check that $p=5$ is an exceptional prime. It follows that $f_5=0$. (Note that $v_5(\Delta(f))=6$.)
f.change_ring(GF(5)).factor()
(f(-58+5^3*x)/5^6).change_ring(GF(5))
(x + 3)^2 * (x^2 + 4*x + 1)
3*x^2 + 4*x + 2
vK = pAdicValuation(K, 5)
vK.mac_lane_approximants(f)
[[ Gauss valuation induced by 5-adic valuation, v(x + 58) = 3, v(x^2 + 491*x + 87614) = 7 ], [ Gauss valuation induced by 5-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 134*x + 356) = 4 ]]
Now we want to compute $f_2$.
First we compute the splitting field of $f$. It is a totally ramified extension of $\QQ$ of degree $8$. The configuration of the roots of $f$ is as follows: they all lie in a disk of radius $3/4$, and inside in two smaller disks of radius $1$.
f.change_ring(GF(2)).factor()
vK = pAdicValuation(K, 2)
vK.montes_factorization(f)
L0.<alpha0> = K.extension(f)
L0.<alpha>= L0.galois_closure()
L0
vL0 = vK.extension(L0)
vL0(2)
fL0 = f.change_ring(L0)
a = fL0.roots(multiplicities=None)
[vL0(a[0]-a[i]) for i in range(4)]
(x + 1)^4
x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41
Number Field in alpha with defining polynomial x^8 + 40*x^6 + 2400*x^4 + 81472*x^2 + 1000000
8
[+Infinity, 6, 6, 8]
We compute the MacLane valuations $v_1,v_2$ on $K[x]$ corresponding to the configuration of roots.
v0 = GaussValuation(R, vK)
v = v0.mac_lane_step(f)[0]
v1 = v.extension(f, 3)
v1
v2 = v.extension(f, 7/2)
v2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 3 ]
[ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 7/2 ]
From the configuration of roots of $f$ it is clear that the stable reduction of $Y$ has three components of genus $1$ (Case (c) in Theorem 4.1).
The extension $L/K$ over which $Y$ aquires semistable reduction is a (tamely ramified) extension of $L_0$ of degree $3$.
v0 = GaussValuation(fL0.parent(), vL0)
v0(f((x-a[0])/(a[1]-a[0])))
v0(f((x-a[0])/(a[3]-a[0])))
-24
-32
We compute the jumps in the filtration of higher ramification groups of the extension $L$. It turns out that these are $0,3,9,15$. Here $\Gamma_3$ is a dihedral group of order $8$, $\Gamma_9$ is of order $4$, and $\Gamma_{15}$ is the center (of order $2$).
We also compute the subfields of $L$ corresponding to the jumps.
load("../../padic_extensions/padic_extensions.sage")
vL0 = padic_splitting_field(vK, f)
L0 = vL0.domain()
L0
P = L0.polynomial()
P = P(P.parent().gen()^3)
P
Number Field in pi8 with defining polynomial x^8 + 20*x^7 + 8*x^6 + 72*x^5 + 70*x^4 + 48*x^3 + 76*x^2 + 16*x + 82
x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82
load("../../padic_extensions/padic_extensions.sage")
L.<pi> = K.extension(P)
vL = vK.extension(L)
filt = padic_ramification_filtration(vL, compute_subfields=True)
filt
F = x^23 + 24*pi*x^22 + 276*pi^2*x^21 + (2024*pi^3 + 20)*x^20 + (10626*pi^4 + 420*pi)*x^19 + (42504*pi^5 + 4200*pi^2)*x^18 + (134596*pi^6 + 26600*pi^3 + 8)*x^17 + (346104*pi^7 + 119700*pi^4 + 144*pi)*x^16 + (735471*pi^8 + 406980*pi^5 + 1224*pi^2)*x^15 + (1307504*pi^9 + 1085280*pi^6 + 6528*pi^3 + 72)*x^14 + (1961256*pi^10 + 2325600*pi^7 + 24480*pi^4 + 1080*pi)*x^13 + (2496144*pi^11 + 4069800*pi^8 + 68544*pi^5 + 7560*pi^2)*x^12 + (2704156*pi^12 + 5878600*pi^9 + 148512*pi^6 + 32760*pi^3 + 70)*x^11 + (2496144*pi^13 + 7054320*pi^10 + 254592*pi^7 + 98280*pi^4 + 840*pi)*x^10 + (1961256*pi^14 + 7054320*pi^11 + 350064*pi^8 + 216216*pi^5 + 4620*pi^2)*x^9 + (1307504*pi^15 + 5878600*pi^12 + 388960*pi^9 + 360360*pi^6 + 15400*pi^3 + 48)*x^8 + (735471*pi^16 + 4069800*pi^13 + 350064*pi^10 + 463320*pi^7 + 34650*pi^4 + 432*pi)*x^7 + (346104*pi^17 + 2325600*pi^14 + 254592*pi^11 + 463320*pi^8 + 55440*pi^5 + 1728*pi^2)*x^6 + (134596*pi^18 + 1085280*pi^15 + 148512*pi^12 + 360360*pi^9 + 64680*pi^6 + 4032*pi^3 + 76)*x^5 + (42504*pi^19 + 406980*pi^16 + 68544*pi^13 + 216216*pi^10 + 55440*pi^7 + 6048*pi^4 + 456*pi)*x^4 + (10626*pi^20 + 119700*pi^17 + 24480*pi^14 + 98280*pi^11 + 34650*pi^8 + 6048*pi^5 + 1140*pi^2)*x^3 + (2024*pi^21 + 26600*pi^18 + 6528*pi^15 + 32760*pi^12 + 15400*pi^9 + 4032*pi^6 + 1520*pi^3 + 16)*x^2 + (276*pi^22 + 4200*pi^19 + 1224*pi^16 + 7560*pi^13 + 4620*pi^10 + 1728*pi^7 + 1140*pi^4 + 48*pi)*x + 24*pi^23 + 420*pi^20 + 144*pi^17 + 1080*pi^14 + 840*pi^11 + 432*pi^8 + 456*pi^5 + 48*pi^2
np = Newton Polygon with vertices [(0, 68), (1, 52), (3, 32), (7, 16), (23, 0)]
....
calling padic_approximate_factor with vk= pi-adic valuation on Number Field in pi with defining polynomial x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82 , f= x^23 + 24*pi*x^22 + 276*pi^2*x^21 + (2024*pi^3 + 20)*x^20 + (10626*pi^4 + 420*pi)*x^19 + (42504*pi^5 + 4200*pi^2)*x^18 + (134596*pi^6 + 26600*pi^3 + 8)*x^17 + (346104*pi^7 + 119700*pi^4 + 144*pi)*x^16 + (735471*pi^8 + 406980*pi^5 + 1224*pi^2)*x^15 + (1307504*pi^9 + 1085280*pi^6 + 6528*pi^3 + 72)*x^14 + (1961256*pi^10 + 2325600*pi^7 + 24480*pi^4 + 1080*pi)*x^13 + (2496144*pi^11 + 4069800*pi^8 + 68544*pi^5 + 7560*pi^2)*x^12 + (2704156*pi^12 + 5878600*pi^9 + 148512*pi^6 + 32760*pi^3 + 70)*x^11 + (2496144*pi^13 + 7054320*pi^10 + 254592*pi^7 + 98280*pi^4 + 840*pi)*x^10 + (1961256*pi^14 + 7054320*pi^11 + 350064*pi^8 + 216216*pi^5 + 4620*pi^2)*x^9 + (1307504*pi^15 + 5878600*pi^12 + 388960*pi^9 + 360360*pi^6 + 15400*pi^3 + 48)*x^8 + (735471*pi^16 + 4069800*pi^13 + 350064*pi^10 + 463320*pi^7 + 34650*pi^4 + 432*pi)*x^7 + (346104*pi^17 + 2325600*pi^14 + 254592*pi^11 + 463320*pi^8 + 55440*pi^5 + 1728*pi^2)*x^6 + (134596*pi^18 + 1085280*pi^15 + 148512*pi^12 + 360360*pi^9 + 64680*pi^6 + 4032*pi^3 + 76)*x^5 + (42504*pi^19 + 406980*pi^16 + 68544*pi^13 + 216216*pi^10 + 55440*pi^7 + 6048*pi^4 + 456*pi)*x^4 + (10626*pi^20 + 119700*pi^17 + 24480*pi^14 + 98280*pi^11 + 34650*pi^8 + 6048*pi^5 + 1140*pi^2)*x^3 + (2024*pi^21 + 26600*pi^18 + 6528*pi^15 + 32760*pi^12 + 15400*pi^9 + 4032*pi^6 + 1520*pi^3 + 16)*x^2 + (276*pi^22 + 4200*pi^19 + 1224*pi^16 + 7560*pi^13 + 4620*pi^10 + 1728*pi^7 + 1140*pi^4 + 48*pi)*x + 24*pi^23 + 420*pi^20 + 144*pi^17 + 1080*pi^14 + 840*pi^11 + 432*pi^8 + 456*pi^5 + 48*pi^2 s= 16 and k= 1
g= y9 + pi^16
Li = Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 4*x^9 + 6*x^6 + 4*x^3 + 2
....
calling padic_approximate_factor with vk= pi-adic valuation on Number Field in pi with defining polynomial x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82 , f= x^23 + 24*pi*x^22 + 276*pi^2*x^21 + (2024*pi^3 + 20)*x^20 + (10626*pi^4 + 420*pi)*x^19 + (42504*pi^5 + 4200*pi^2)*x^18 + (134596*pi^6 + 26600*pi^3 + 8)*x^17 + (346104*pi^7 + 119700*pi^4 + 144*pi)*x^16 + (735471*pi^8 + 406980*pi^5 + 1224*pi^2)*x^15 + (1307504*pi^9 + 1085280*pi^6 + 6528*pi^3 + 72)*x^14 + (1961256*pi^10 + 2325600*pi^7 + 24480*pi^4 + 1080*pi)*x^13 + (2496144*pi^11 + 4069800*pi^8 + 68544*pi^5 + 7560*pi^2)*x^12 + (2704156*pi^12 + 5878600*pi^9 + 148512*pi^6 + 32760*pi^3 + 70)*x^11 + (2496144*pi^13 + 7054320*pi^10 + 254592*pi^7 + 98280*pi^4 + 840*pi)*x^10 + (1961256*pi^14 + 7054320*pi^11 + 350064*pi^8 + 216216*pi^5 + 4620*pi^2)*x^9 + (1307504*pi^15 + 5878600*pi^12 + 388960*pi^9 + 360360*pi^6 + 15400*pi^3 + 48)*x^8 + (735471*pi^16 + 4069800*pi^13 + 350064*pi^10 + 463320*pi^7 + 34650*pi^4 + 432*pi)*x^7 + (346104*pi^17 + 2325600*pi^14 + 254592*pi^11 + 463320*pi^8 + 55440*pi^5 + 1728*pi^2)*x^6 + (134596*pi^18 + 1085280*pi^15 + 148512*pi^12 + 360360*pi^9 + 64680*pi^6 + 4032*pi^3 + 76)*x^5 + (42504*pi^19 + 406980*pi^16 + 68544*pi^13 + 216216*pi^10 + 55440*pi^7 + 6048*pi^4 + 456*pi)*x^4 + (10626*pi^20 + 119700*pi^17 + 24480*pi^14 + 98280*pi^11 + 34650*pi^8 + 6048*pi^5 + 1140*pi^2)*x^3 + (2024*pi^21 + 26600*pi^18 + 6528*pi^15 + 32760*pi^12 + 15400*pi^9 + 4032*pi^6 + 1520*pi^3 + 16)*x^2 + (276*pi^22 + 4200*pi^19 + 1224*pi^16 + 7560*pi^13 + 4620*pi^10 + 1728*pi^7 + 1140*pi^4 + 48*pi)*x + 24*pi^23 + 420*pi^20 + 144*pi^17 + 1080*pi^14 + 840*pi^11 + 432*pi^8 + 456*pi^5 + 48*pi^2 s= 10 and k= 2
g= y15^2 + 2*pi^10*y15 + pi^20
Li = Number Field in pi6 with defining polynomial x^6 + 2*x^3 + 2
....
calling padic_approximate_factor with vk= pi-adic valuation on Number Field in pi with defining polynomial x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82 , f= x^23 + 24*pi*x^22 + 276*pi^2*x^21 + (2024*pi^3 + 20)*x^20 + (10626*pi^4 + 420*pi)*x^19 + (42504*pi^5 + 4200*pi^2)*x^18 + (134596*pi^6 + 26600*pi^3 + 8)*x^17 + (346104*pi^7 + 119700*pi^4 + 144*pi)*x^16 + (735471*pi^8 + 406980*pi^5 + 1224*pi^2)*x^15 + (1307504*pi^9 + 1085280*pi^6 + 6528*pi^3 + 72)*x^14 + (1961256*pi^10 + 2325600*pi^7 + 24480*pi^4 + 1080*pi)*x^13 + (2496144*pi^11 + 4069800*pi^8 + 68544*pi^5 + 7560*pi^2)*x^12 + (2704156*pi^12 + 5878600*pi^9 + 148512*pi^6 + 32760*pi^3 + 70)*x^11 + (2496144*pi^13 + 7054320*pi^10 + 254592*pi^7 + 98280*pi^4 + 840*pi)*x^10 + (1961256*pi^14 + 7054320*pi^11 + 350064*pi^8 + 216216*pi^5 + 4620*pi^2)*x^9 + (1307504*pi^15 + 5878600*pi^12 + 388960*pi^9 + 360360*pi^6 + 15400*pi^3 + 48)*x^8 + (735471*pi^16 + 4069800*pi^13 + 350064*pi^10 + 463320*pi^7 + 34650*pi^4 + 432*pi)*x^7 + (346104*pi^17 + 2325600*pi^14 + 254592*pi^11 + 463320*pi^8 + 55440*pi^5 + 1728*pi^2)*x^6 + (134596*pi^18 + 1085280*pi^15 + 148512*pi^12 + 360360*pi^9 + 64680*pi^6 + 4032*pi^3 + 76)*x^5 + (42504*pi^19 + 406980*pi^16 + 68544*pi^13 + 216216*pi^10 + 55440*pi^7 + 6048*pi^4 + 456*pi)*x^4 + (10626*pi^20 + 119700*pi^17 + 24480*pi^14 + 98280*pi^11 + 34650*pi^8 + 6048*pi^5 + 1140*pi^2)*x^3 + (2024*pi^21 + 26600*pi^18 + 6528*pi^15 + 32760*pi^12 + 15400*pi^9 + 4032*pi^6 + 1520*pi^3 + 16)*x^2 + (276*pi^22 + 4200*pi^19 + 1224*pi^16 + 7560*pi^13 + 4620*pi^10 + 1728*pi^7 + 1140*pi^4 + 48*pi)*x + 24*pi^23 + 420*pi^20 + 144*pi^17 + 1080*pi^14 + 840*pi^11 + 432*pi^8 + 456*pi^5 + 48*pi^2 s= 4 and k= 4
g= y17^4 + (2*pi^10 + 4*pi^4)*y17^3 + (pi^20 + 6*pi^14 + 6*pi^8)*y17^2 + (-40*pi^21 - 10*pi^18 - 144*pi^15 - 136*pi^12 - 96*pi^9 - 152*pi^6 - 32*pi^3 - 164)*y17 + 394*pi^22 + 88*pi^19 + 1371*pi^16 + 1352*pi^13 + 884*pi^10 + 1504*pi^7 + 238*pi^4 + 1640*pi
Li = Number Field in pi3 with defining polynomial x^3 + 2
[(15, 2, pi12-adic valuation), (9, 4, pi6-adic valuation), (3, 8, pi3-adic valuation), (0, 24, 2-adic valuation)]
For $m=0,\ldots,15$, we have to compute the genus of the curve $\bar{Y}_m:=\bar{Y}/\Gamma_m$. We do this by extending the valuations $v_1,v_2$ from $K(x)$ to the function field $L_m(Y)=L_m(x,y)$ and computing the genera of the residue fields of these extensions.
load("../../MacLane_valuations/maclane.sage")
def reduction_component(v, vLm, f):
p = vLm.residue_field().characteristic()
Lm = vLm.domain()
FXL.<z> = FunctionField(Lm)
h = FXL._ring(v.phi())
V = maclane_basefield_extensions(v, vLm, h)
S.<T> = FXL[]
FYL.<y> = FXL.extension(T^3-FXL(f))
for w in V:
w = RationalFunctionFieldValuation(FXL, w)
w = w.extension(FYL)
print " Reduction component:"
print " ", w.residue_field()
print " ", w
print " ground field: ", Lm
print " ------------"
V = [v1, v2]
print "Computing stable reduction Yb:"
for v in V:
print "over ", v
reduction_component(v, vL, f)
for i in range(len(filt)):
m = filt[i][0]+1
vLm = filt[i][2]
print "Computing Y_m for m=%s:"%m
for v in V:
print "over ", v
reduction_component(v, vLm, f)
Computing stable reduction Yb:
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 3 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z^4 + z^2
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi-adic valuation, v(z + pi^9 + pi^6 + 1) = 18 ], v(y) = 24, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi with defining polynomial x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82
------------
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 7/2 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z^2 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi-adic valuation, v(z + pi^21 + pi^18 + pi^9 + pi^6 + 1) = 24 ], v(y) = 28, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi with defining polynomial x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82
------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z^2 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi-adic valuation, v(z + pi^21 + pi^9 + pi^6 + 1) = 24 ], v(y) = 28, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi with defining polynomial x^24 + 20*x^21 + 8*x^18 + 72*x^15 + 70*x^12 + 48*x^9 + 76*x^6 + 16*x^3 + 82
------------
Computing Y_m for m=16:
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 3 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z^2 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi12-adic valuation, v(z + pi12^3 + 1) = 9/2, v(z^2 + (-4*pi12^9 - 6*pi12^6 - 2*pi12^3)*z + 7*pi12^9 + 15*pi12^6 + 12*pi12^3 + 7) = 18 ], v(y) = 12, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 4*x^9 + 6*x^6 + 4*x^3 + 2
------------
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 7/2 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z + 1
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi12-adic valuation, v(z + pi12^3 + 1) = 9/2, v(z^2 + (6*pi12^9 + 14*pi12^6 + 12*pi12^3 + 8)*z - 23*pi12^9 - 57*pi12^6 - 38*pi12^3 - 25) = 24 ], v(y) = 14, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 4*x^9 + 6*x^6 + 4*x^3 + 2
------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi12-adic valuation, v(z + pi12^3 + 1) = 9/2, v(z^2 + (6*pi12^9 + 14*pi12^6 + 12*pi12^3 + 8)*z + 31*pi12^9 + 77*pi12^6 + 54*pi12^3 + 35) = 24 ], v(y) = 14, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 4*x^9 + 6*x^6 + 4*x^3 + 2
------------
Computing Y_m for m=10:
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 3 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi6-adic valuation, v(z + 1) = 3/2, v(z^2 + (pi6^3 + 2)*z + 2*pi6^3 + 1) = 21/4, v(z^4 + 14*z^2 + 72*z - 41) = 18 ], v(y) = 6, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi6 with defining polynomial x^6 + 2*x^3 + 2
------------
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 7/2 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi6-adic valuation, v(z + 1) = 3/2, v(z^2 + (pi6^3 + 2)*z + 2*pi6^3 + 1) = 21/4, v(z^4 + 14*z^2 + 72*z - 41) = 21 ], v(y) = 7, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi6 with defining polynomial x^6 + 2*x^3 + 2
------------
Computing Y_m for m=4:
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 3 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi3-adic valuation, v(z + 1) = 3/4, v(z^4 + 14*z^2 + 72*z - 41) = 9 ], v(y) = 3, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi3 with defining polynomial x^3 + 2
------------
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 7/2 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi3-adic valuation, v(z + 1) = 3/4, v(z^4 + 14*z^2 + 72*z - 41) = 21/2 ], v(y) = 7/2, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi3 with defining polynomial x^3 + 2
------------
Computing Y_m for m=1:
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 3 ]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(z + 1) = 1/4, v(z^4 + 14*z^2 + 72*z - 41) = 3 ], v(y) = 1, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Rational Field
------------
over [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 1) = 1/4, v(x^4 + 14*x^2 + 72*x - 41) = 7/2 ]
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field of size 2
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(z + 1) = 1/4, v(z^4 + 14*z^2 + 72*z - 41) = 7/2 ], v(y) = 7/6, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Rational Field
------------
We see that $g(\bar{Y}_m)=0$ for $m=0,\ldots,9$, $=1$ for $m=10,\ldots,15$ and $=0$ for $m\geq 16$. It follows that
\[
f_2 = \sum_{m=0}^\infty \frac{|\Gamma_m|}{|\Gamma_0|}(2g_y-2g_{\bar{Y}_m}) = 6(1+3\cdot\frac{1}{3}+5\cdot\frac{1}{6})+4(6\cdot\frac{1}{12}) = 19.
\]
%md
Now we have to compute $f_3$.
Now we have to compute $f_3$.
p=3
v_K = pAdicValuation(K,p)
load("../../semistable_reduction/superp.sage")
Y = Superp(f, v_K, p)
Y.FY
Function field in y defined by y^3 - x^4 - 14*x^2 - 72*x + 41
Y.compute_semistable_reduction()
Inertial reduction component:
Rational function field in x over Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]
--------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + u2 + z^2
constant field: Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2181*x^8 + 12*x^4 + 33
------------
Inertial reduction component:
Rational function field in x over Finite Field in u1 of size 3^2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 1) = 1, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]
--------------
G = t^2 + 7
F = t^4 + 14*t^2 + 72*t - x^3 - 41
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + 2*u2 + z^2
constant field: Finite Field in u2 of size 3^2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi24 with defining polynomial x^24 + 2088*x^12 + 1791
------------
We see that the stable reduction of $Y$ is of type (c), i.e. with three tail components of genus one. One of these components has a splitting field which is a totally ramified Galois extension of $\mathbb{Q}_3$ of degree $12$. The two other components form an orbit under the Galois group of $\mathbb{F}_9/\mathbb{F}_3$. A splitting field is a Galois extension of degree $24$ of $\mathbb{Q}_3$ with ramification index $12$.
Now we compute the quotients $W_m=W/\Gamma_m$ of these three components.
for c in Y.components:
c.compute_ramification_filtration_reduction()
components over [ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]
the splitting field is Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2181*x^8 + 12*x^4 + 33
[(2, 3, pi4-adic valuation), (0, 12, 3-adic valuation)]
The ramification breaks are: [3, 1]
Computing Y_m for m=2 and |Gm|=3:
intermediate field: Number Field in pi4 with defining polynomial x^4 + 6 with ramification index 4
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field of size 3
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi4-adic valuation, v(z) = 3 ], v(y + 2) = 4/3, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
Computing Y_m for m=0 and |Gm|=12:
intermediate field: Rational Field with ramification index 1
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field of size 3
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(z) = 3/4 ], v(y + 2) = 1/3, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
components over [ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 1) = 1, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]
the splitting field is Number Field in pi24 with defining polynomial x^24 + 2088*x^12 + 1791
[(6, 3, pi8-adic valuation), (0, 12, 3-adic valuation)]
The ramification breaks are: [7, 1]
Computing Y_m for m=6 and |Gm|=3:
intermediate field: Number Field in pi8 with defining polynomial x^8 + 576*x^6 + 2007*x^4 + 513*x^2 + 1359 with ramification index 4
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field in u2 of size 3^2
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi8-adic valuation, v(z + 219464*pi8^6 + 2307032/3*pi8^4 + 195744*pi8^2 + 520950) = 7 ], v(y) = 8/3, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field in u2 of size 3^2
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi8-adic valuation, v(z + 109732*pi8^6 + 1153513/3*pi8^4 + 97872*pi8^2 + 260475) = 7 ], v(y) = 8/3, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
Computing Y_m for m=0 and |Gm|=12:
intermediate field: Rational Field with ramification index 1
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field in u1 of size 3^2
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(z^2 + 7) = 7/4 ], v(y) = 2/3, v(y^3 - z^4 - 14*z^2 - 72*z + 41) = +Infinity ]
The splitting field of the first component has ramification breaks $1,3$, with $|\Gamma_0|=12$ and $|\Gamma_1|=3$. We have $g(W_3)=0$, hence the contribution to the conductor is
$$
2(1+2\cdot\frac{1}{4}) = 3.
$$
The splitting field of the each of the other two components has ramification breaks $1,7$, with $|\Gamma_0|=12$ and $|\Gamma_6|=3$. So the contribution of one of these components is
$$
2(1+6\cdot \frac{1}{4}) = 5.
$$
So the conductor exponents at $p=3$ is
$$
f_3 = 3 + 2\cdot 5 = 13.
$$
All in all, the conductor of $Y$ is
$$
N_Y = 2^{19}3^{13} = 835884417024.
$$
2^19*3^13
835884417024
A similar example is the curve
\[
Y:\; y^3 = x^4 - 24x^2 - 76x +24.
\]
Here $\Delta(f) = 2^83^55^6$.
f = x^4-24*x^2-76*x+24
f.discriminant().factor()
-1 * 2^8 * 3^5 * 5^6
Let us first see what happens for $p=2$.
f.change_ring(GF(2)).factor()
p = 2
vK = pAdicValuation(K, 2)
V = vK.mac_lane_approximants(f)
V[0].mac_lane_step(f)
V[1].mac_lane_step(f)
x^4
[[ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 3 ]]
[[ Gauss valuation induced by 2-adic valuation, v(x) = 2/3, v(x^3 + 4) = 7/3 ]]
L0.<alpha> = f.splitting_field()
L0
vL0 = vK.extension(L0)
vL0.residue_field()
vL0(2)
fL0 = f.change_ring(L0)
a = fL0.roots(multiplicities=None)
[vL0(a[0]-a[i]) for i in range(4)]
Number Field in alpha with defining polynomial x^6 + 15*x^5 + 96*x^4 + 311*x^3 + 492*x^2 + 339*x + 247
Finite Field in u1 of size 2^2
3
[+Infinity, 2, 2, 2]
vL = padic_sufficiently_ramified_extension(vL, 9)
vL
v0 = GaussValuation(R, vK)
v1 = v0.extension(x, 2/3)
reduction_component(v1, vL, f)
pi18-adic valuation
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + z^4 + z
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi18-adic valuation, v(z) = 6 ], v(y) = 8, v(y^3 - z^4 + 24*z^2 + 76*z - 24) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi18 with defining polynomial x^18 + 20*x^15 + 28*x^12 + 76*x^9 + 104*x^6 + 112*x^3 + 68
------------
We see that $Y$ has potentially good reduction over a tamely ramified extension of $\mathbb{Q}_2$ (of degree $18$). However, $\bar{Y}_0=\bar{Y}/\Gamma_0$ has genus $0$. It follows that
$$
f_2 = 6.
$$
p=3
v_K = pAdicValuation(K,p)
load("../../semistable_reduction/superp.sage")
Y = Superp(f, v_K, p)
Y.FY
Function field in y defined by y^3 - x^4 - 14*x^2 - 72*x + 41
Y.compute_semistable_reduction()
Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation
is_in= False
holes = []
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 1/2 ]
is_in= False
holes = []
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]
is_in= True
holes = []
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 1) = 1 ]
is_in= False
holes = []
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 1) = 1, v(x^2 + 7) = 3/2 ]
is_in= False
holes = []
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 1) = 1, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]
is_in= True
holes = []
Inertial reduction component:
Rational function field in x over Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]
--------------
h = x
L0 = Rational Field
V = [[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]]
L1 = Number Field in pi3 with defining polynomial x^3 + 2181*x^2 + 12*x + 33
L = Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2181*x^8 + 12*x^4 + 33
V = [[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + u2 + z^2
constant field: Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x) = 3/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2181*x^8 + 12*x^4 + 33
------------
Inertial reduction component:
Rational function field in x over Finite Field in u1 of size 3^2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 1) = 1, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]
--------------
h = x^2 + 7
L0 = Rational Field
V = [[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]]
G = t^2 + 7
F = t^4 + 14*t^2 + 72*t - x^3 - 41
L1 = Number Field in pi6 with defining polynomial x^6 + 2088*x^3 + 1791
L = Number Field in pi24 with defining polynomial x^24 + 2088*x^12 + 1791
V = [[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]]
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + 2*u2 + z^2
constant field: Finite Field in u2 of size 3^2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x^2 + 7) = 7/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi24 with defining polynomial x^24 + 2088*x^12 + 1791
------------
One more example:
$$
Y:\; y^3 = f(x) = x^4-3x^3-24x^2-x.
$$
We have $\Delta(f) = 3^{10}$, so we only have to look at $p=3$.
f = x^4-3*x^3-24*x^2-x
f.discriminant().factor()
3^10
load("../../semistable_reduction/superp.sage")
Y = Superp(f, v_K, p)
Y.FY
Y.compute_semistable_reduction()
Function field in y defined by y^3 - x^4 + 3*x^3 + 24*x^2 + x
Inertial reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by x*u2^3 + u2 + 2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 1, v(x + 8) = 5/4 ]
--------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + 2*u2 + 2*z^2
constant field: Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 1, v(x + 8) = 5/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi4 with defining polynomial x^4 + 3
------------
Inertial reduction component:
Rational function field in x over Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 1 ]
--------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + 2*z^4 + 2*z^3 + 2*z^2
constant field: Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 1 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi3 with defining polynomial x^3 + 2181*x^2 + 12*x + 2181
------------
Inertial reduction component:
Rational function field in x over Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 5/4 ]
--------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + 2*u2 + 2*z^2
constant field: Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 5/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2181*x^8 + 12*x^4 + 2181
------------
Inertial reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by 2*x^2*u2^3 + 2
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 1, v(x + 5) = 5/3, v(x^3 + 15*x^2 + 75*x + 368) = 21/4 ]
--------------
Reduction component:
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + u2 + 2*z^2
constant field: Finite Field of size 3
[ Gauss valuation induced by 3-adic valuation, v(x + 2) = 1, v(x + 5) = 5/3, v(x^3 + 15*x^2 + 75*x + 368) = 21/4 ]
splitting field: Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2184
------------
We see that the stable reduction $\bar{Y}$ of $Y$ consists of $4$ components, three of genus $1$ and one of genus $0$ (type (c)).
The first component $W_1$ of genus $1$ has a tamely ramified splitting field and its inertial reduction has genus $0$. So $g(W_0)=0$ and $g(W_m)=1$ for $m\geq 1$. The contribution of $W_1$ to the conductor exponent is therefore $2$.
To compute the contribution of the second component $W_2$ fo genus $1$, we analyse the ramificaton filtration of its splitting field.
c = Y.components[2]
v = c.v
vL, w = c.reduction[0]
vL.domain()
w.residue_field()
Number Field in pi12 with defining polynomial x^12 + 2181*x^8 + 12*x^4 + 2181
Function field in u2 defined by u2^3 + 2*u2 + 2*z^2
filt = padic_ramification_filtration(vL, compute_subfields=True)
filt
[(2, 3, pi4-adic valuation), (0, 12, 3-adic valuation)]
vK2 = filt[0][2]
vK2.domain()
reduction_component(v, vK2, f)
Number Field in pi4 with defining polynomial x^4 + 3
Reduction component:
Rational function field in z over Finite Field of size 3
Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by Valuation on rational function field induced by [ Gauss valuation induced by pi4-adic valuation, v(z + 2) = 5 ], v(y + 2*z + 1) = 16/3, v(y^3 - z^4 + 3*z^3 + 24*z^2 + z) = +Infinity ]
ground field: Number Field in pi4 with defining polynomial x^4 + 3
------------