SharedMath211-18F-SharedPublic.sagewsOpen in CoCalc
################################
#
#     (You can move to any line by using the "lightning bolt" button to the right of the large 'A')
#
#  65   Distributive property for dot- and cross-product
#  112  Miscellaneous examples, done in class on R 8/28/18
#  125  Plot a plane, given three points on it
#  170  Plot a plane, given a normal vector and the distance from the plane to the origin
#  220  Miscelleaneous computations involving vectors
#  240  Interactive 3D grapher: VERY USEFUL!!
#  340  Solution to the extra credit for quiz 1
#  391  Plotting parametric curves with normal, tangent, binormal vectors,
#       osculating plane, acceleration, curvature, etc.
#  542  Interactive TANGENT PLANE PLOTTER. Includes partial derivatives. Very useful!
#  645  Surface plot compared with two different styles of contour plot. Includes a "fancy" surface plot that is prettier than
#       the standard one, but you cannot tilt it with the mouse. But is is designed to exactly match the
#       contour plot.
#  680  Chain-rule practice.  Great homework helper!

#ILLUSTRATION OF DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY FOR DOT PRODUCT AND FOR CROSS PRODUCT
#In the diagram created, vector A is a unit vector. We draw both parallel and perpendicular projections of vectors B and C onto A.

# The main idea is that given any vectors B and A, we can resolve B into two orthogonal components: the PARALLEL component of B onto A is parallel to A, while the
# PERPENDICULAR component of B onto A is perpendicular to A and in the same plane as A and B.
# The MAGNITUDE of the PARALLEL projection of B onto A is the absolute value of the dot-product of B and A (assume A is a unit vector),
# and the PERPENDICULAR projection of B onto A (the actual VECTOR, not the magnitude) is the cross-product of B and A.

def perpProj(x,y):
#output is the perpendicular component of x wrt y, where
#it is understood for convenience that y is a unit vector
#and x, y are both vectors
return x-y*x.dot_product(y)

def parProj(x,y):
#output is the parallel component of x wrt y, where y is unit
return y*x.dot_product(y)

a=vector([0,1,0])
b=vector([-.3,.1,.7])
c=vector([-.7,.5,.3])
t=6 #thickness of some vectors
bc=b.cross_product(a)
P=plot(a, color='red', thickness=t)
P += plot(b, color='blue', thickness=t)
P += plot(c, color='black',thickness =t, start=b)
#P += plot(c,color='black',start=b)
#P += plot(b,color='blue',start=c)

P += plot(text3d("B",b*0.7-a*.05,color='blue'))
P += plot(text3d("A",a*1.05,color='red'))
P += plot(text3d("C",b*1.2+c*0.3,color='black'))
P += plot(b+c,color="magenta", thickness=t)
P += plot(text3d("B+C", (b+c)*.6, color='magenta'))
P += plot(-perpProj(b,a), color='blue',start=b)
P += plot(-perpProj(b,a), color='blue',start=b+parProj(c,a))
P += plot(parProj(b,a), color='blue',start=-0.05*perpProj(b,a))
P += plot(parProj(c,a), color='black',start = parProj(b,a)-0.08*perpProj(b,a))
P += plot(parProj(b+c,a), color='magenta',start=-0.12*perpProj(b,a))
P += plot(-perpProj(b+c,a), color='magenta',start=b+c)
P += plot(parProj(c,a),color='black',start=b)
P += plot(perpProj(c,a), color='black',start=b+parProj(c,a))
#P += plot(parProj(b+c,a), color='magenta',start=perpProj(b+c,a))
P.show(aspect_ratio=1.0,frame=false, spin=5)

3D rendering not yet implemented
78^543

25548726719570371226255187682826237626495114567336561342146579805780338587968682242723434623119650821725595954157695488460462846809201877877101685248835438277545547430259371949782997802506616873836495964781789596164252239566560525969473170257436451198555331307424151262645614190306662519157100743141199967027913417026847216132670063183094986837111669820368791714976148885032137794066342274413941769002125318064629115949358741519464979590531506856333639383376603934970263120108128195945327144359259742403137647398385745075341355975284746043220425048832590748346844105111873022911489985361074484973326385983468023945655325172654194703329836830176481535482759618437408618142114936637666353141144740356606252629412735038494923307954253201828522875665770502526479807331548495980718185340124774147586176082224989136985186394568443152716282859040204105716801734062596717887204195090976233956564686018563963443745498614955635316153284494537511251490152827702742425082397923764331727505659274103850737388252543730256622546808042424369152
plot(sin,0,pi)

%var x,y,z
pic=implicit_plot3d(x^2+y^2+z^2-1,(x,-1,0.5),(y,-1,1),(z,-1,1),color='red',mesh=1)
pic.show()

3D rendering not yet implemented
#Plot a plane, given three points on the plane
# try changing the points defined in line 27 of this

#declare variables
%var x, y, z

#define a function to draw axes. Very useful for understanding plots
def axes(size,xcolor='red',ycolor='green',zcolor='blue'):
#returns a plot of axis vectors, labeled, with size

xSize=size; ySize= size; zSize=size
xAxis = plot(vector((xSize,0,0)),color=xcolor,width=3)
yAxis = plot(vector((0,ySize,0)),color=ycolor,width=3)
zAxis = plot(vector((0,0,zSize)),color=zcolor,width=3)
#Labels for axes
#set fontsize (change if you need to)
fsize=20
xT=text3d("X",(xSize*1.1,0,0),color=xcolor,fontsize=fsize)
yT=text3d("Y",(0,ySize*1.1,0),color=ycolor,fontsize=fsize)
zT=text3d("Z",(0,0,zSize*1.1),color=zcolor,fontsize=fsize)
return xAxis+xT+yAxis+yT+zAxis+zT

asize = 16  #axis size
psize = 12  #plane size

#define the three points
a= (0,0,1); b= (0,1,0); c= (1,0,0)
#turn em into vectors
A = vector(a); B= vector(b); C=vector(c)
AB = B-A; AC = C-A
N = AB.cross_product(AC) #note the syntax for cross product
f = N[0]*x+N[1]*y + N[2]*z-N.dot_product(A)  #set this equal to zero to get equation of plane

P = plot(axes(asize))
P += implicit_plot3d(f, (x,-psize, psize), (y,-psize, psize), (z, -psize, psize), color='orange', opacity=0.1)
P += plot(points([a,b,c], thickness=40, color='black'))
P += plot(N, start = a, width = 3, color='black')

show('The equation of the plane is $'+latex(f)+'=0$')
show('Normal vector is black.')

show(P, spin =5)

The equation of the plane is $-x - y - z + 1 =0$
Normal vector is black.
3D rendering not yet implemented
#Plot a plane, given a normal vector and the distance from the origin

#declare variables
%var x, y, z

#define a function to draw axes. Very useful for understanding plots
def axes(size,xcolor='red',ycolor='green',zcolor='blue'):
#returns a plot of axis vectors, labeled, with size

xSize=size; ySize= size; zSize=size
xAxis = plot(vector((xSize,0,0)),color=xcolor,width=3)
yAxis = plot(vector((0,ySize,0)),color=ycolor,width=3)
zAxis = plot(vector((0,0,zSize)),color=zcolor,width=3)
#Labels for axes
#set fontsize (change if you need to)
fsize=20
xT=text3d("X",(xSize*1.1,0,0),color=xcolor,fontsize=fsize)
yT=text3d("Y",(0,ySize*1.1,0),color=ycolor,fontsize=fsize)
zT=text3d("Z",(0,0,zSize*1.1),color=zcolor,fontsize=fsize)
return xAxis+xT+yAxis+yT+zAxis+zT

asize = 16  #axis size
psize = 12  #plane size

#define the normal and distance to origin
N=vector((1,1,1))
d=5 #dist to origin

#equation of plane is K*<x,y,z>=d ONLY as long as K is a unit normal vector
K=N/N.norm() #note syntax for norm of a vector: the norm of A is A.norm()

f = K[0]*x+K[1]*y + K[2]*z-d #set this equal to zero to get equation of plane

P = plot(axes(asize))
P += implicit_plot3d(f, (x,-psize, psize), (y,-psize, psize), (z, -psize, psize), color='orange', opacity=0.1)

P += plot(10*N, width = 3, color='black') #I multiplied N to make it longer. You may want to change this.

show('The equation of the plane is $'+latex(f)+'=0$')
show('Normal vector is black')
show(P, spin =5)

The equation of the plane is $\frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3} x + \frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3} y + \frac{1}{3} \, \sqrt{3} z - 5 =0$
Normal vector is black
3D rendering not yet implemented


a=(2,-1,5)
A=vector(a)
b=(1,1,1); c=(0,-2,4)
B=vector(b);C=vector(c)
A.dot_product(B)

6
A.cross_product(B)

(-6, 3, 3)
B.cross_product(A)

(6, -3, -3)
A.cross_product(B)

(-6, 3, 3)
A.norm()

sqrt(30)

################################################################################
#
# INTERACTIVE 3D GRAPHER
#
# This allows you to graph up to 3 three-dimensional plots at once, choosing whether they
# will be parametric, implicit, or z=f(x,y) style.  You don't have to do any coding, but instead just fill in
# the input boxes.  It **should** be self-explanatory and easy to use.
#
################################################################################

%var t,x,y,z

def axes(size,xcolor='red',ycolor='green',zcolor='blue',asp=(1,1)):
#returns a plot of axis vectors, labeled, with size

xSize=size; ySize= asp[0]*size; zSize=asp[1]*size
xAxis = plot(vector((xSize,0,0)),color=xcolor,width=3)
yAxis = plot(vector((0,ySize,0)),color=ycolor,width=3)
zAxis = plot(vector((0,0,zSize)),color=zcolor,width=3)
#Labels for axes
#set fontsize (change if you need to)
fsize=20
xT=text3d("X",(xSize*1.1,0,0),color=xcolor,fontsize=fsize)
yT=text3d("Y",(0,ySize*1.1,0),color=ycolor,fontsize=fsize)
zT=text3d("Z",(0,0,zSize*1.1),color=zcolor,fontsize=fsize)
return xAxis+xT+yAxis+yT+zAxis+zT
#return xAxis+yAxis+zAxis

###############################################################################

def plotPlane(N,P,s,clr='grey',op=0.2,meshvalue=0):
x,y,z=var('x y z')
#N=normal vec, P = point (vector), s=size
#This returns a plot of plane with the given normal vector and point, with x,y,z going plus or minus s units from the point.
#optional arguments for color and opacity (default is nearly transparent grey)
return implicit_plot3d(N.dot_product(vector((x,y,z)))-N.dot_product(P),(x,P[0]-s,P[0]+s),(y,P[1]-s,P[1]+s),(z,P[2]-s,P[2]+s),color=clr,opacity=op,mesh=meshvalue)

#default values
color1='red';color2='lightgreen';color3='lightblue'
paraf=(sin(t),cos(t),t)
implf=x^2+y^2-z^2-4
zfxy =x^2-y^2
tlims =(0,4*pi);xlims = (-3,3);ylims=(-3,3);zlims=(-3,3)

html('''<font color='red'>f1 is RED</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <font color='green'>f2 is GREEN</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <font color='blue'>f3 is BLUE</font>''')
@interact(layout=dict(top=[['f1Show','f1Type','eqn1','tx'],['t1','x1','y1','z1'],['f2Show','f2Type','eqn2','tx2'],['t2','x2','y2','z2'],['f3Show','f3Type','eqn3','tx3'],['t3','x3','y3','z3']]))

def _(f1Show=checkbox(false,label= 'f1Show?'),
f1Type=selector(['parametric','implicit (mesh)','z=f(x,y) (mesh)'],width=10),
eqn1=input_box(paraf,width=50),
tx=text_control(' ',label=''),
t1=input_box(tlims,width=20,label='t1vals'),x1=input_box(xlims,width=20,label="x1vals"),y1=input_box(ylims,width=18,label="y1vals"),z1=input_box(zlims,width=18,label="z1vals"),
f2Show=checkbox(true,label= 'f2Show?'),
f2Type=selector(['parametric','implicit (mesh)','z=f(x,y) (mesh)'],default='implicit (mesh)',width=10),
eqn2=input_box(implf,width=50),
tx2=text_control(' ',label=''),
t2=input_box(tlims,width=20,label='t2vals'),x2=input_box(xlims,width=20,label="x2vals"),y2=input_box(ylims,width=18,label="y2vals"),z2=input_box(zlims,width=18,label="z2vals"),
f3Show=checkbox(false,label= 'f3Show?'),
f3Type=selector(['parametric','implicit (mesh)','z=f(x,y) (mesh)'],default='z=f(x,y) (mesh)',width=10),
eqn3=input_box(zfxy,width=50),
tx3=text_control(' ',label=''),
t3=input_box(tlims,width=20,label='t3vals'),x3=input_box(xlims,width=20,label="x3vals"),y3=input_box(ylims,width=18,label="y3vals"),z3=input_box(zlims,width=18,label="z3vals")):

P1=Graphics();P2=Graphics(); P3=Graphics()
if f1Show:
if f1Type=='parametric':
P1=parametric_plot(eqn1,(t,t1[0],t1[1]),color=color1,plot_points=1000,thickness=4)
elif f1Type=='implicit (mesh)':
P1=implicit_plot3d(eqn1,(x,x1[0],x1[1]),(y,y1[0],y1[1]),(z,z1[0],z1[1]),mesh=1,color=color1)
elif f1Type=='z=f(x,y) (mesh)':
P1=plot3d(eqn1,(x,x1[0],x1[1]),(y,y1[0],y1[1]),mesh=1,color=color1)
if f2Show:
if f2Type=='parametric':
P2=parametric_plot(eqn2,(t,t2[0],t2[1]),color=color2,plot_points=1000,thickness=4)
elif f2Type=='implicit (mesh)':
P2=implicit_plot3d(eqn2,(x,x2[0],x2[1]),(y,y2[0],y2[1]),(z,z2[0],z2[1]),mesh=1,color=color2)
elif f2Type=='z=f(x,y) (mesh)':
P2=plot3d(eqn2,(x,x2[0],x2[1]),(y,y2[0],y2[1]),mesh=1,color=color2)
if f3Show:
if f3Type=='parametric':
P3=parametric_plot(eqn3,(t,t3[0],t3[1]),color=color3,plot_points=1000,thickness=4)
elif f3Type=='implicit (mesh)':
P3=implicit_plot3d(eqn3,(x,x3[0],x3[1]),(y,y3[0],y3[1]),(z,z3[0],z2[1]),mesh=1,color=color3)
elif f3Type=='z=f(x,y) (mesh)':
P3=plot3d(eqn3,(x,x3[0],x3[1]),(y,y3[0],y3[1]),mesh=1,color=color3)

#axes set up.  need size, but don't use limits if not shown
xsize=max(f1Show*x1[1],f2Show*x2[1],f3Show*x3[1])
ysize=max(f1Show*y1[1],f2Show*y2[1],f3Show*y3[1])
zsize=max(f1Show*z1[1],f2Show*z2[1],f3Show*z3[1])
ax = axes(xsize,asp=[ysize/xsize, zsize/xsize])

show(P1+P2+P3+ax, spin = 5)

f1 is RED         f2 is GREEN          f3 is BLUE
#Solution to the extra credit for quiz 1

%var x, y, z

def axes(size,xcolor='red',ycolor='green',zcolor='blue'):
#returns a plot of axis vectors, labeled, with size

xSize=size; ySize= size; zSize=size
xAxis = plot(vector((xSize,0,0)),color=xcolor,width=3)
yAxis = plot(vector((0,ySize,0)),color=ycolor,width=3)
zAxis = plot(vector((0,0,zSize)),color=zcolor,width=3)
#Labels for axes
#set fontsize (change if you need to)
fsize=20
xT=text3d("X",(xSize*1.1,0,0),color=xcolor,fontsize=fsize)
yT=text3d("Y",(0,ySize*1.1,0),color=ycolor,fontsize=fsize)
zT=text3d("Z",(0,0,zSize*1.1),color=zcolor,fontsize=fsize)
return xAxis+xT+yAxis+yT+zAxis+zT

asize = 16
psize = 12
a= (1,0,-2); b= (3,1,-2); c= (-5,-1,0); d= (1,1,1)
A = vector(a); B= vector(b); C=vector(c); D= vector(d)
AB = B-A; AC = C-A
N = AB.cross_product(AC)

#equation of plane
f = N[0]*x+N[1]*y + N[2]*z-N.dot_product(A)

#the displacement vector which takes D to its reflection about the plane
displacement = N*2*(N.dot_product(A-D))/(N.dot_product(N))

P = plot(axes(asize))
P += implicit_plot3d(f, (x,-psize, psize), (y,-psize, psize), (z, -psize, psize), color='orange', opacity=0.1)
P += plot(points([a,b,c,d], thickness=40, color='black'))
P += plot(displacement, start = D, width = 3, color='black')

#display the coordinates of E and the amount of distance from D to E.
print D+displacement, displacement.norm()

show(P, spin =5)

(1/9, 25/9, -7/9) 8/3
3D rendering not yet implemented

############################################################################################
#
# An example of a parametric curve of a vector function, with tangent vectors, osculating plane, etc.
#
# ON LINES 69--72, You define a parametric curve r(t), and set the starting and ending t-values.  You also include a
# value of t in the middle (the constant "c"), a display size for the osculating plane, and you will be rewarded with a parametric plot that shows the
# velocity, acceleration, unit tangent, and unit normal vectors, along with the osculating plane, and computes values for
# these vectors as well as the curvature.
#
# The acceleration vector (computed and displayed in lines 80--83, 112--116) is often too large to display nicely. Try experimenting with keeping it commented out
# (the default) and instead displaying a vector with magnitude 3 with the ACTUAL magnitude displayed, or commenting out this magnitude display (lines 113--116) and
# displaying the actual acceleration vector (line 112).
#
# THAT'S NOT ALL! You also get a graph showing speed, scalar acceleration, and curvature vs. t, which will help you to understand the important
# a = v'T + (kv^2)N equation (the decomposition of the acceleration vector into unit tangent and unit normal components)
#
#############################################################################################

# NOTE: This example uses functions that produce axes and planes functions defined above.  So we will include them in our code here, starting on the next line

#########################
#
#  AXES function
#
#########################
def axes(size,xcolor='red',ycolor='green',zcolor='blue',asp=(1,1)):
#returns a plot of axis vectors, labeled, with length equal to the 'size' argument
#Note the OPTIONAL color arguments.  If you leave them out, the xyz axes are red, green, blue, respectively
#But, for example, the command axes(12,xcolor='black') would produce axes of length 12 with x in black and the others
#still in green and blue.
#also notice the OPTIONAL axp argument, which is two numbers to adjust the size of the y- and z- axis. For
#example, axes(12, asp=(2,.5)) will produce axes with the x-axis of length 12, the y-axis has length 25, and the z-axis is length 6.

xSize=size; ySize= asp[0]*size; zSize=asp[1]*size
xAxis = plot(vector((xSize,0,0)),color=xcolor,width=3)
yAxis = plot(vector((0,ySize,0)),color=ycolor,width=3)
zAxis = plot(vector((0,0,zSize)),color=zcolor,width=3)
#Labels for axes
#set fontsize (change if you need to; not sure if this works)
fsize=20
xT=text3d("X",(xSize*1.1,0,0),color=xcolor,fontsize=fsize)
yT=text3d("Y",(0,ySize*1.1,0),color=ycolor,fontsize=fsize)
zT=text3d("Z",(0,0,zSize*1.1),color=zcolor,fontsize=fsize)
return xAxis+xT+yAxis+yT+zAxis+zT
#return xAxis+yAxis+zAxis (if we didn't want labels)

###############################################################################
#
# PLANE drawing function
#
######################################
def plotPlane(N,P,s,clr='grey',op=0.2,meshvalue=0):
x,y,z=var('x y z')
#N=normal vec, P = point (vector), s=size
#This returns a plot of plane with the given normal vector and point, with x,y,z going plus or minus s units from the point.
#optional arguments for color and opacity and meshvalue (default is nearly transparent grey)
return implicit_plot3d(N.dot_product(vector((x,y,z)))-N.dot_product(P),(x,P[0]-s,P[0]+s),(y,P[1]-s,P[1]+s),(z,P[2]-s,P[2]+s),color=clr,opacity=op,mesh=meshvalue)
#
# end of function definitions
#
#####################################

#you need to define symbolic variables other than x, to do useful symbolic math like plotting and calculus
%var t
################# DEFINE YOUR r(t) PARAMETRIZATION BELOW, along with start and end t and intermediate t-value
#define some parametric functions for our curve
#this example uses a wiggly curve with variable curvature helix
x(t) = (4*cos(t)+0.5)*cos(t); y(t) = (4*cos(t)+0.5)*sin(t); z(t) = t
t0=0; t1= 4*pi  #starting and ending t values for our curve
c= 0.3*pi        #a t value in between to draw tangent and normal etc
size=1     #the size for the osculating plane. Experiment with different values
#########################################
#
# FROM THIS POINT ON, EVERYTHING IS AUTOMATED. READ THE CODE TO SEE HOW IT IS DONE
#
########################################
r(t) = (x(t),y(t),z(t)) #the position r(t) at time t
v=r.diff(t) #velocity! The "diff" suffix does symbolic differentiation; it is a function of t
a=r.diff(t,2)    #acceleration (the "2" means second derivative); also a function of t

#Our convention is to use upper-case for vectors
R = vector(r); V= vector(v); A = vector(a)
#We need to turn them into vectors in order to use vector operations like cross-product, etc.

#Now compute unit tangent and unit normal vectors.
#We will compute T, N, B, and T' vectors from textbook
#recall that norm() computes magnitude of a vector
T = V/norm(V) #unit tangent vector (function of t)
Tprime = T.diff(t) #derivative of unit tangent; this is the T' vector in your textbook
#turn this into a unit normal
N = Tprime/norm(Tprime)
# Finally, the little-used binormal vector B
B=T.cross_product(N)
# So we have produced the following vectors, all functions of t:
# R, V, A, T, Tprime, N, B
#
# Let's also compute the curvature, using the formula k = |T'|/|ds/dt|=|T'|/|V|.
#curvature (two ways; should be equal)
K = norm(Tprime)/norm(V)
# This is a scalar function of t.

#create the parametric plot of curve r(t)
# Next, include the parametric plot
P += parametric_plot3d(r(t),(t,t0,t1),plot_points=400,thickness=6)
P += plot(T(t=c),start=R(t=c),color='red') #include the unit tangent at t=c; note starting point
P += plot(N(t=c),start=R(t=c),color='black') #add unit normal; note starting point
P += plot(B(t=c),start=R(t=c),color='green') #the binormal vector is normal to the osculating plane
# the next line allows you to see the acceleration vector, which, like T and N, lies on the osculating plane
# However, it is often too long, and you may want to comment out the next line or replace it with the line after it which displays a shortened vector but with the value of the magnitude labeled.
#P += plot(A(c),start=R(c),color='magenta') #the ACTUAL acceleration vector
P += plot(3.0*A(t=c)/norm(A(t=c)),start=R(t=c),color='magenta') #same direction as A, but with magnitude 3
accel_label=1.1*(3.0*A(c)/norm(A(c))+R(c)) #a location near the endpoint of this magnitude-3 vector to label the actual magnitude
P += text3d(str(float(floor(100*norm(A(t=c)))/100)),accel_label,color='magenta') #this messy code eliminates all but a few decimals

#plot the osculating plane and choose color and size and opacity
P += plotPlane(B(t=c),R(t=c),size,'grey',0.2)
#plot the point as well. Note the lower-case r, since it is a point, not a vector.  we just want a dot, not an arrow.
P += point(r(t=c), thickness=30, color= 'green')
#Now compute some stuff about how fast the object is traveling
# recall that the speed is the magnitude of velocity vector
speed = V(t=c).norm()
accel = A(t=c).norm()
k = K(t=c)

#add axes, sized to be a little taller than the helix reaches
P += plot(axes(1.1*t1))
show(P,spin=1)

#Now create plots of K, A, V with color-coded legend
pK=plot(K,(t,t0,t1),legend_label='curvature',legend_color = 'green', color='green')
pA=plot(norm(A(t)),(t,t0,t1),legend_label='acceleration',legend_color = 'magenta', color='magenta')
pV=plot(norm(V),(t,t0,t1),legend_label='velocity',legend_color = 'blue', color='blue')

#print values at our t=c point.
print('At t = %f:'%c)
print('speed = %f'%speed)
print('scalar acceleration = %f'%accel)
print('curvature = %f' %k)

#finally, display the K-V-A plot
show(pA+pK+pV)


3D rendering not yet implemented
At t = 0.942478: speed = 4.427318 scalar acceleration = 8.303751 curvature = 0.423226



#########################################################
#
# interactive TANGENT PLANE PLOTTER.  Shows a z=f(x,y) surface
# and lets you choose x=a, y=b and draws tangent vectors and tangent plane at (a,b,f(a,b))
# and as a bonus, shows you the partial derivatives and their values.
#
###########################################################

%var t,x,y,z

def axes(size,xcolor='red',ycolor='green',zcolor='blue',asp=(1,1)):
#returns a plot of axis vectors, labeled, with size

xSize=size; ySize= asp[0]*size; zSize=asp[1]*size
xAxis = plot(vector((xSize,0,0)),color=xcolor,width=3)
yAxis = plot(vector((0,ySize,0)),color=ycolor,width=3)
zAxis = plot(vector((0,0,zSize)),color=zcolor,width=3)
#Labels for axes
#set fontsize (change if you need to)
fsize=20
xT=text3d("X",(xSize*1.1,0,0),color=xcolor,fontsize=fsize)
yT=text3d("Y",(0,ySize*1.1,0),color=ycolor,fontsize=fsize)
zT=text3d("Z",(0,0,zSize*1.1),color=zcolor,fontsize=fsize)
return xAxis+xT+yAxis+yT+zAxis+zT
#return xAxis+yAxis+zAxis

def plotPlane(N,P,s=1,clr='grey',op=0.2,meshvalue=0):
x,y,z=var('x y z')
#N=normal vec, P = point (vector), s=size
#This returns a plot of plane with the given normal vector and point, with x,y,z going plus or minus s units from the point.
#optional arguments for color and opacity (default is nearly transparent grey)
return implicit_plot3d(N.dot_product(vector((x,y,z)))-N.dot_product(P),(x,P[0]-s,P[0]+s),(y,P[1]-s,P[1]+s),(z,P[2]-s,P[2]+s),color=clr,opacity=op,mesh=meshvalue)

#global values for interactive function defined below
xvals = (x,-2,2); yvals = (y,-2,2); ptvals=(1,n(1.5,12))

@interact(layout=dict(top=[['f','xrange','yrange'],['pnt','showTP','showDerivs','showAxes']]))
def _(f=input_box(sqrt(9-x^2-y^2),width=40),xrange=input_box(xvals, width=20),yrange=input_box(yvals, width = 20),pnt=input_box(ptvals,label="(a,b)",width=20),showTP=checkbox(false,label="Show tangent plane"),showDerivs=checkbox(false,label="Show derivatives"), showAxes=checkbox(true,label="Show axes")):

(a,b) = (pnt[0],pnt[1])  # we will draw tangent plane on surface at (a,b,f(a,b))
#(a,b) = (n(a,12),n(b,12))

#set options for surface plot etc
pointColor ='black'
surfaceColor = 'grey'; meshvalue = 0; opvalue= 0.4

#make the surface plot
P = plot3d(f,xrange, yrange, mesh = meshvalue, color = surfaceColor, opacity = opvalue)
# include axes if checked
if showAxes:
P += axes(1.2*max(xrange[2],yrange[2]),xcolor='grey', ycolor='grey',zcolor='grey')

#compute partial derivatives
fx(x,y) = f.diff(x)
fy(x,y) = f.diff(y)
# define point and its vector form
pt = (a,b,f(a,b))
Pt = vector(pt)

P += plot(point(pt,thickness = 10, color=pointColor))

#compute normal to tangent plane
N = vector([fx(a,b),fy(a,b),-1])

#add in the new plane if option checked
if showTP:
P += plotPlane(N,Pt, s=0.75, clr='yellow', op=0.4)
# draw normal vector
#P += plot(N/norm(N), start=Pt, color='black')

#include traces for y=b, x=a on xy-plane and on surface
#the xtrace is parallel to the x-axis, ytrace is parallel to y
xtraceColor='magenta'; ytraceColor='green'
P += parametric_plot3d((a,t,0),(t,yrange[1],yrange[2]),color=ytraceColor)
P += parametric_plot3d((t,b,0),(t,xrange[1],xrange[2]),color=xtraceColor )
P += parametric_plot3d((a,t,f(a,t)),(t,yrange[1],yrange[2]),color=ytraceColor)
P += parametric_plot3d((t,b,f(t,b)),(t,xrange[1],xrange[2]),color=xtraceColor )

#next, create the two unit tangent vectors
#for the ytrace, we take derivative of the parametric curve (a,t,f(a,t))
ytraceTangent = vector((0,1,fy(a,b)))
# for xtrace, differentiate (t, b, f(t,b))
xtraceTangent = vector((1, 0, fx(a,b)))
unitYTraceTan=ytraceTangent/norm(ytraceTangent)
unitXTraceTan=xtraceTangent/norm(xtraceTangent)

P += plot(unitYTraceTan, start = Pt, color='darkgreen')
P += plot(unitXTraceTan, start = Pt, color='darkred')

if showDerivs:

show('$f(x,y) ='+ latex(f)+ ',\quad\quad{\partial f\over\partial x} =' + latex(fx(x,y))+',\quad\quad {\partial f\over\partial y}=' + latex(fy(x,y))+'$')
show('At $(a,b)='+latex((a,b))+', \partial f/\partial x ' +'\doteq' + latex(n(fx(a,b),12))+',\quad \partial f/\partial y ' +'\doteq' + latex(n(fy(a,b),12))+'$')
#print('At (a,b) = (%s,%s), f_x=%f'%(a,b,fx(a,b)))
show(P)



################################
#
# surface plot compared with contour plot
#
##################################
%var x,y,z,t
import matplotlib as mp
# pick a function and range to plot it
f=y^2-x^2
#f= x^3 - 3*x*y^2  #monkey saddle!!
s=2
xrange=(x,-s,s); yrange=(y,-s,s)

#set a colormap for the contour and the matplotlib plot
cmap ='coolwarm'
#cmap = mp.colors.ListedColormap([0,0,0])
#the first one is a standard 3d plot that we can rotate,etc.
plot3d(f, xrange, yrange,aspect_ratio=[1.,1.,1.], mesh=1,color='lightblue')
# next plot is fixed, but fancy and prettier
plot3d_using_matplotlib(f, xrange, yrange,azim=300,cmap=cmap)

#next plot is contour plot which matches second plot in color map
cp =contour_plot(f, xrange, yrange,colorbar=True,contours=20,labels=False,fill=true,figsize=6,linestyles='-',cmap=cmap)
show(cp+gv)
#here is another contour style that you may like: black lines with labels
import matplotlib as mp
blackCmap=mp.colors.ListedColormap([0,0,0])
contour_plot(f, xrange, yrange,colorbar=False,contours=20,labels=True,fill=false,figsize=6,linestyles='-',cmap=blackCmap)

3D rendering not yet implemented
# chain rule practice 1
#DONT FORGET TO DECLARE VARIABLES!!
%var x,y,z,t

#First define F(x,y,z)
F(x,y,z)= x+y^2+y*z
#next, express x,y,z as functions of another variable t
#in other words, G(t) := F(f(t), g(t), h(t))
f=t^2; g = cos(t); h=3*exp(t^2)
G = F(x=f, y=g, z = h)

show('$F(x,y,z)='+latex(F(x,y,z))+'$')
show('$G(t)=F('+latex(f)+','+latex(g)+','+latex(h)+')='+latex(G(t=t))+'$')
show('$\partial G/\partial t='+latex(G.diff(t))+'$')

$F(x,y,z)= y^{2} + y z + x$
$G(t)=F( t^{2} , \cos\left(t\right) , 3 \, e^{\left(t^{2}\right)} )= t^{2} + \cos\left(t\right)^{2} + 3 \, \cos\left(t\right) e^{\left(t^{2}\right)}$
$\partial G/\partial t= 6 \, t \cos\left(t\right) e^{\left(t^{2}\right)} - 2 \, \cos\left(t\right) \sin\left(t\right) - 3 \, e^{\left(t^{2}\right)} \sin\left(t\right) + 2 \, t$
# chain rule practice 2
#DONT FORGET TO DECLARE VARIABLES!!
%var x,y,z,t,s

#First define F(x,y,z)
F(x,y,z)= x+y^2+y*z
#next, express x,y,z as functions of two other variables t and s
#in other words, G(t) := F(f(t,s), g(t,s), h(t,s))
f=t^2+s; g = cos(t*s); h=3*exp(t^2-s^3)
G = F(x=f, y=g, z = h)

show('$F(x,y,z)='+latex(F(x,y,z))+'$')
show('$G(t,s)=F('+latex(f)+','+latex(g)+','+latex(h)+')='+latex(G(t=t,s=s))+'$')
show('$\partial G/\partial t='+latex(G.diff(t))+'$')
show('$\partial G/\partial s='+latex(G.diff(s))+'$')

$F(x,y,z)= y^{2} + y z + x$
$G(t,s)=F( t^{2} + s , \cos\left(s t\right) , 3 \, e^{\left(-s^{3} + t^{2}\right)} )= t^{2} + \cos\left(s t\right)^{2} + 3 \, \cos\left(s t\right) e^{\left(-s^{3} + t^{2}\right)} + s$
$\partial G/\partial t= 6 \, t \cos\left(s t\right) e^{\left(-s^{3} + t^{2}\right)} - 2 \, s \cos\left(s t\right) \sin\left(s t\right) - 3 \, s e^{\left(-s^{3} + t^{2}\right)} \sin\left(s t\right) + 2 \, t$
$\partial G/\partial s= -9 \, s^{2} \cos\left(s t\right) e^{\left(-s^{3} + t^{2}\right)} - 2 \, t \cos\left(s t\right) \sin\left(s t\right) - 3 \, t e^{\left(-s^{3} + t^{2}\right)} \sin\left(s t\right) + 1$